Characteristics of petrochemical wastewater
—— High concentration, high toxicity, high complexity, the core challenge of global industrial pollution control
The petrochemical industry is the pillar of modern industry and also one of the most typical representatives of industrial wastewater pollution. Its wastewater is not only extremely complex in composition, but also contains a large amount of difficult-to-degrade organic matter, oils, volatile compounds and heavy metals. It is one of the industrial sectors recognized to be difficult to manage and has great environmental pressure.
Main characteristics of wastewater:
Complex composition and wide sources: The sources of wastewater cover multiple processes such as crude oil desalination, catalytic cracking, coking, distillation, and chemical synthesis, and contain phenols, sulfides, ammonia nitrogen, hydrocarbons, acids and alkalis and other types of pollutants.
High pollutant concentration: Typical COD concentration is 1,500–8,000mg/L, oil substances reach 200–800mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is often 100–300mg/L, and some special wastewater is even extremely toxic.
Strong biological toxicity and poor biodegradability: Contains BTEX, aromatic hydrocarbons, organophosphorus and other substances, which are highly inhibitory to conventional microbial systems, and the BOD/COD ratio is often lower than 0.3, making it difficult to directly biodegrade.
High volatility and high discharge requirements: Production is highly intermittent, the amount of discharged water and water quality fluctuate violently, and the effluent must meet the national special limit or industry ultra-high standards, which poses huge technical challenges.